curl

July 11, 2017

Linux, Http

linux下面自带的一个命令行工具，很常用，关键是很强大。

supports #

DICT, FILE, FTP, FTPS, Gopher, HTTP, HTTPS, IMAP, IMAPS, LDAP, LDAPS, POP3, POP3S, RTMP, RTSP, SCP, SFTP, SMB, SMBS, SMTP, SMTPS, Telnet and TFTP.

supports SSL certificates, HTTP POST, HTTP PUT, FTP uploading, HTTP form based upload, proxies, HTTP/2, cookies, user+password authentication (Basic, Plain, Digest, CRAM-MD5, NTLM, Negotiate and Kerberos)

file transfer resume, proxy tunneling and more.

基本上无所不能了。。。这里是cURL的PDF版本说明文档，不是很难看懂，里面介绍了这个项目的起源发展、网络协议、如何使用等等。作者还有个很帅的名字：丹尼尔·斯坦伯格。

作者写了这样一段话：

Running curl from the command line was natural and Daniel never considered anything else than that it would output data on stdout, to the terminal, by default. The "everything is a pipe" mantra of standard Unix philosophy was something Daniel believed in. curl is like 'cat' or one of the other Unix tools; it sends data to stdout to make it easy to chain together with other tools to do what you want. That's also why virtually all curl options that allow reading from a file or writing to a file, also have the ability to select doing it to stdout or from stdin. 这是我喜欢Linux的其中一个原因，称之为优雅。

使用curl来测试http的接口十分方便，下面简单的介绍下如何发起get和post请求。

GET Request #

$ curl -v "http://www.baidu.com"  # 显示get请求全过程解析

$ curl "http://www.baidu.com"     # 如果这里的URL指向的是一个文件或者一幅图都可以直接下载到本地

$ curl -i "http://www.baidu.com"  # 显示全部信息

$ curl -l "http://www.baidu.com"  # 只显示头部信息

$ curl "http://www.baidu.com?param=xx&id=xx"

POST Request #

$ curl -d "param1=value1&param2=value2" "http://www.baidu.com"
# general form

$ curl -l -H "Content-type: application/json" -X POST -d '{"phone":"13521389587","password":"test"}' http://domain/apis/users.json
# json form